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Colonoscopy is routinely implemented for colorectal cancer screening and the investigation of lower gastrointestinal symptoms. In the United States, the procedure is usually performed under sedation—typically moderate sedation with a

Interscalene brachial plexus block is the standard regional anesthetic technique for shoulder surgery, providing reliable perioperative analgesia while reducing opioid consumption and facilitating earlier discharge.

Gynecologic procedures performed under moderate sedation, including hysteroscopy, dilation and curettage, endometrial ablation, oocyte retrieval, and minor vulvar or cervical interventions, have traditionally incorporated short-acting

Etomidate is an intravenous hypnotic agent that has played a notable role in the history of modern anesthesia. Introduced in the 1970s, it was initially

Long COVID, also referred to as post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), has emerged as a significant public health concern since the onset of the

Intravenous albumin is a concentrated solution of human serum albumin, the most abundant protein in blood plasma. Its primary physiological roles include maintaining oncotic pressure,

Orthopedic surgery is among the fastest growing surgical specialties, with over 22 million orthopedic surgical procedures performed worldwide in 2017.1 Regional anesthesia has become a

General anesthesia is used to render a patient unconscious throughout a surgical or medical procedure. Induction of general anesthesia can be achieved using either intravenous

Inserting a peripheral intravenous (IV) cannula is a routine clinical task, yet small details during placement can impact its function, comfort, and longevity. One such

A laryngeal mask airway is a medical device used to keep a person’s airway open during anesthesia or unconsciousness. It plays a crucial role in

Clinical trials play a crucial role in advancing anesthesia practice, ensuring patient safety, and improving perioperative outcomes. These trials follow a structured system involving different

Recent studies have revealed that artificial intelligence (AI) systems are often more effective than human doctors in certain medical tasks, particularly in interpreting medical scans

The process of drug discovery is notoriously time-consuming and expensive, often requiring over a decade of research and billions of dollars to bring a new

Propofol, a commonly used intravenous anesthetic agent, is an integral part of modern anesthesia practice due to its rapid onset, short duration of action, and

Nutritional support is a cornerstone of care in the critical care setting, playing a vital role in the recovery and overall outcomes of critically ill

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious complication that can arise during surgery, significantly increasing morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Defined by a sudden decline

Peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) has emerged as a promising technique for managing perioperative pain. As the healthcare community continues to seek alternatives to opioid-based pain

Xylazine, a substance known for its sedative, analgesic, and muscle relaxant properties, is increasingly discussed in both veterinary and human medicine contexts. Originally developed as

Drug repurposing, also known as drug repositioning, is a strategy in pharmaceutical development that involves identifying new uses for existing drugs. This approach can significantly

Clevidipine is a highly selective, short-acting intravenous dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker that has become a cornerstone in managing perioperative hypertension. Used extensively in the perioperative

The peripartum period, encompassing the final weeks of pregnancy and the time shortly after delivery, poses unique challenges for the management of cardiac arrhythmias. Changes